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Lagoa Multiphysics new simulation solver for Autodesk Softimage
http://features.cgsociety.org/story_custom.php?story_id=5866
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The History, Evolution and Rise of AI
https://medium.com/@lmpo/a-brief-history-of-ai-with-deep-learning-26f7948bc87b
๐น 1943: ๐ ๐ฐ๐๐๐น๐น๐ผ๐ฐ๐ต & ๐ฃ๐ถ๐๐๐ create the first artificial neuron.
๐น 1950: ๐๐น๐ฎ๐ป ๐ง๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ป๐ด introduces the Turing Test, forever changing the way we view intelligence.
๐น 1956: ๐๐ผ๐ต๐ป ๐ ๐ฐ๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐๐ต๐ coins the term โArtificial Intelligence,โ marking the official birth of the field.
๐น 1957: ๐๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ป๐ธ ๐ฅ๐ผ๐๐ฒ๐ป๐ฏ๐น๐ฎ๐๐ invents the Perceptron, one of the first neural networks.
๐น 1959: ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฑ ๐ช๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฟ๐ผ๐ and ๐ง๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐๐ผ๐ณ๐ณ create ADALINE, a model that would shape neural networks.
๐น 1969: ๐ ๐ถ๐ป๐๐ธ๐ & ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ solve the XOR problem, but also mark the beginning of the “first AI winter.”
๐น 1980: ๐๐๐ป๐ถ๐ต๐ถ๐ธ๐ผ ๐๐๐ธ๐๐๐ต๐ถ๐บ๐ฎ introduces Neocognitron, laying the groundwork for deep learning.
๐น 1986: ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ณ๐ณ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ถ๐ป๐๐ผ๐ป and ๐๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ฑ ๐ฅ๐๐บ๐ฒ๐น๐ต๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ introduce backpropagation, making neural networks viable again.
๐น 1989: ๐๐๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ฎ ๐ฃ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐น advances UAT (Understanding and Reasoning), building a foundation for AI’s logical abilities.
๐น 1995: ๐ฉ๐น๐ฎ๐ฑ๐ถ๐บ๐ถ๐ฟ ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐ฝ๐ป๐ถ๐ธ and ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ป๐ป๐ฎ ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐๐ฒ๐ develop Support Vector Machines (SVMs), a breakthrough in machine learning.
๐น 1998: ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ป๐ป ๐๐ฒ๐๐๐ป popularizes Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), revolutionizing image recognition.
๐น 2006: ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ณ๐ณ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ถ๐ป๐๐ผ๐ป and ๐ฅ๐๐๐น๐ฎ๐ป ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐น๐ฎ๐ธ๐ต๐๐๐ฑ๐ถ๐ป๐ผ๐ introduce deep belief networks, reigniting interest in deep learning.
๐น 2012: ๐๐น๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐ต๐ฒ๐๐๐ธ๐ and ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ณ๐ณ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ถ๐ป๐๐ผ๐ป launch AlexNet, sparking the modern AI revolution in deep learning.
๐น 2014: ๐๐ฎ๐ป ๐๐ผ๐ผ๐ฑ๐ณ๐ฒ๐น๐น๐ผ๐ introduces Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), opening new doors for AI creativity.
๐น 2017: ๐๐๐ต๐ถ๐๐ต ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ถ and team introduce Transformers, redefining natural language processing (NLP).
๐น 2020: OpenAI unveils GPT-3, setting a new standard for language models and AIโs capabilities.
๐น 2022: OpenAI releases ChatGPT, democratizing conversational AI and bringing it to the masses.
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Sun cone angle (angular diameter) as perceived by earth viewers
Also see:
https://www.pixelsham.com/2020/08/01/solid-angle-measures/
The cone angle of the sun refers to the angular diameter of the sun as observed from Earth, which is related to the apparent size of the sun in the sky.
The angular diameter of the sun, or the cone angle of the sunlight as perceived from Earth, is approximately 0.53 degrees on average. This value can vary slightly due to the elliptical nature of Earth’s orbit around the sun, but it generally stays within a narrow range.
Here’s a more precise breakdown:
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- Average Angular Diameter: About 0.53 degrees (31 arcminutes)
- Minimum Angular Diameter: Approximately 0.52 degrees (when Earth is at aphelion, the farthest point from the sun)
- Maximum Angular Diameter: Approximately 0.54 degrees (when Earth is at perihelion, the closest point to the sun)
This angular diameter remains relatively constant throughout the day because the sun’s distance from Earth does not change significantly over a single day.
To summarize, the cone angle of the sun’s light, or its angular diameter, is typically around 0.53 degrees, regardless of the time of day.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_diameter
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