https://thomasmansencal.substack.com/p/the-apparent-simplicity-of-rgb-rendering

The primary goal of physically-based rendering (PBR) is to create a simulation that accurately reproduces the imaging process of electro-magnetic spectrum radiation incident to an observer. This simulation should be indistinguishable from reality for a similar observer.

Because a camera is not sensitive to incident light the same way than a human observer, the images it captures are transformed to be colorimetric. A project might require infrared imaging simulation, a portion of the electro-magnetic spectrum that is invisible to us. Radically different observers might image the same scene but the act of observing does not change the intrinsic properties of the objects being imaged. Consequently, the physical modelling of the virtual scene should be independent of the observer.

Björn Ottosson proposed OKlch in 2020 to create a color space that can closely mimic how color is perceived by the human eye, predicting perceived lightness, chroma, and hue.

The OK in OKLCH stands for Optimal Color.

• L: Lightness (the perceived brightness of the color)
• C: Chroma (the intensity or saturation of the color)
• H: Hue (the actual color, such as red, blue, green, etc.)

Also read:

https://www.admesy.com/articles/measure-how-we-see-the-way-to-perfect-display-colors/