http://www.diyphotography.net/basic-lighting-techniques-need-know-photography-film/

Amongst the basic techniques, there’s…

1- Side lighting – Literally how it sounds, lighting a subject from the side when they’re faced toward you

2- Rembrandt lighting – Here the light is at around 45 degrees over from the front of the subject, raised and pointing down at 45 degrees

3- Back lighting – Again, how it sounds, lighting a subject from behind. This can help to add drama with silouettes

4- Rim lighting – This produces a light glowing outline around your subject

5- Key light – The main light source, and it’s not necessarily always the brightest light source

6- Fill light – This is used to fill in the shadows and provide detail that would otherwise be blackness

7- Cross lighting – Using two lights placed opposite from each other to light two subjects

http://www.vulture.com/2012/11/how-steven-spielberg-cinematographer-janusz-kaminski-got-these-shots.html