https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/secret-of-ancient-maya-blue-pigment-revealed-from-cracks-and-clues-on-a-dozen-bowls-from-chich%C3%A9n-itz%C3%A1/ar-AA1EfJpq

Maya blue is a highly unusual pigment because it is a mix of organic indigo and an inorganic clay mineral called palygorskite.  

Echoing the color of an azure sky, the indelible pigment was used to accentuate everything from ceramics to human sacrifices in the Late Preclassic period (300 B.C. to A.D. 300).

A team of researchers led by Dean Arnold, an adjunct curator of anthropology at the Field Museum in Chicago, determined that the key to Maya blue was actually a sacred incense called copal.
By heating the mixture of indigo, copal and palygorskite over a fire, the Maya produced the unique pigment, he reported at the time.

https://www.reasonable.work/colors/