Category: lighting

http://lightfield-forum.com/what-is-the-lightfield/

 

The light field consists of the total of all light rays in 3D space, flowing through every point and in every direction.

How to Record a Light Field

• a single, robotically controlled camera
• a rotating arc of cameras
• an array of cameras or camera modules
• a single camera or camera lens fitted with a microlens array

 

 

https://frozenburning.github.io/projects/text2light/

 

 

https://www.cgtrader.com/free-3d-models/exterior/other/10-free-hdr-panoramas-created-with-text2light-zero-shot

https://film-grab.com/

 

 

https://victorior.tumblr.com/post/141115564189/artmodelsphoto-theinturnetexplorer-for-all

 

 

 

https://www.artstation.com/artwork/VyEENn

 

https://www.bigmediumsmall.com/grand-bazaar

 

https://jamajurabaev.gumroad.com/

 

 

https://s.studiobinder.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Cinematic-Lighting-Cheatsheet.pdf

 

Local copy

https://raysun.io/2022/09/28/beyond-basics-creating-a-relight-tool/

 

 

Comparison to the commercial side

 

https://www.ecolorled.com/blog/detail/what-is-rgb-rgbw-rgbic-strip-lights

 

RGBW (RGB + White) LED strip uses a 4-in-1 LED chip made up of red, green, blue, and white.

 

RGBWW (RGB + White + Warm White) LED strip uses either a 5-in-1 LED chip with red, green, blue, white, and warm white for color mixing. The only difference between RGBW and RGBWW is the intensity of the white color. The term RGBCCT consists of RGB and CCT. CCT (Correlated Color Temperature) means that the color temperature of the led strip light can be adjusted to change between warm white and white. Thus, RGBWW strip light is another name of RGBCCT strip.

 

RGBCW is the acronym for Red, Green, Blue, Cold, and Warm. These 5-in-1 chips are used in supper bright smart LED lighting products

More details here: Lumens vs Candelas (candle) vs Lux vs FootCandle vs Watts vs Irradiance vs Illuminance

 

 

 

https://www.inhouseav.com.au/blog/beginners-guide-nits-lumens-brightness/

 

 

Candela

 

Candela is the basic unit of measure of the entire volume of light intensity from any point in a single direction from a light source. Note the detail: it measures the total volume of light within a certain beam angle and direction.
While the luminance of starlight is around 0.001 cd/m2, that of a sunlit scene is around 100,000 cd/m2, which is a hundred millions times higher. The luminance of the sun itself is approximately 1,000,000,000 cd/m2.

 

NIT

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candela_per_square_metre

 

The candela per square metre (symbol: cd/m²) is the unit of luminance in the International System of Units (SI). The unit is based on the candela, the SI unit of luminous intensity, and the square metre, the SI unit of area. The nit (symbol: nt) is a non-SI name also used for this unit (1 nt = 1 cd/m²).^[1] The term nit is believed to come from the Latin word nitēre, “to shine”. As a measure of light emitted per unit area, this unit is frequently used to specify the brightness of a display device.

NIT and cd/m² (candela power) represent the same thing and can be used interchangeably. One nit is equivalent to one candela per square meter, where the candela is the amount of light which has been emitted by a common tallow candle, but NIT is not part of the International System of Units (abbreviated SI, from Systeme International, in French).

It’s easiest to think of a TV as emitting light directly, in much the same way as the Sun does. Nits are simply the measurement of the level of light (luminance) in a given area which the emitting source sends to your eyes or a camera sensor.

The Nit can be considered a unit of visible-light intensity which is often used to specify the brightness level of an LCD.

1 Nit is approximately equal to 3.426 Lumens. To work out a comparable number of Nits to Lumens, you need to multiply the number of Nits by 3.426. If you know the number of Lumens, and wish to know the Nits, simply divide the number of Lumens by 3.426.

Most consumer desktop LCDs have Nits of 200 to 300, the average TV most likely has an output capability of between 100 and 200 Nits, and an HDR TV ranges from 400 to 1,500 Nits.
Virtual Production sets currently sport around 6000 NIT ceiling and 1000 NIT wall panels.

 

The ambient brightness of a sunny day with clear blue skies is between 7000-10,000 nits (between 3000-7000 nits for overcast skies and indirect sunlight).
A bright sunny day can have specular highlights that reach over 100,000 nits. Direct sunlight is around 1,600,000,000 nits.
10,000 nits is also the typical brightness of a fluorescent tube – bright, but not painful to look at.

 

 

https://www.displaydaily.com/article/display-daily/dolby-vision-vs-hdr10-clarified

Tests showed that a “black level” of 0.005 nits (cd/m²) satisfied the vast majority of viewers. While 0.005 nits is very close to true black, Griffis says Dolby can go down to a black of 0.0001 nits, even though there is no need or ability for displays to get that dark today.
How bright is white? Dolby says the range of 0.005 nits – 10,000 nits satisfied 84% of the viewers in their viewing tests.
The brightest consumer HDR displays today are about 1,500 nits. Professional displays where HDR content is color-graded can achieve up to 4,000 nits peak brightness.

High brightness that would be in danger of damaging the eye would be in the neighborhood of 250,000 nits.

 

Lumens

 

Lumen is a measure of how much light is emitted (luminance, luminous flux) by an object. It indicates the total potential amount of light from a light source that is visible to the human eye.
Lumen is commonly used in the context of light bulbs or video-projectors as a metric for their brightness power.

Lumen is used to describe light output, and about video projectors, it is commonly referred to as ANSI Lumens. Simply put, lumens is how to find out how bright a LED display is. The higher the lumens, the brighter to display!

Technically speaking, a Lumen is the SI unit of luminous flux, which is equal to the amount of light which is emitted per second in a unit solid angle of one steradian from a uniform source of one-candela intensity radiating in all directions.

 

LUX

 

Lux (lx) or often Illuminance, is a photometric unit along a given area, which takes in account the sensitivity of human eye to different wavelenghts. It is the measure of light at a specific distance within a specific area at that distance. Often used to measure the incidental sun’s intensity.

 

https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-composition-in-art-definition

 

https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-radial-balance-in-art-definition/

 

https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-volumetric-lighting-definition

 

 

 

https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-dynamic-range-photography/

 

https://www.hdrsoft.com/resources/dri.html#bit-depth

 

 

The dynamic range is a ratio between the maximum and minimum values of a physical measurement. Its definition depends on what the dynamic range refers to.

For a scene: Dynamic range is the ratio between the brightest and darkest parts of the scene.

 

For a camera: Dynamic range is the ratio of saturation to noise. More specifically, the ratio of the intensity that just saturates the camera to the intensity that just lifts the camera response one standard deviation above camera noise.

 

For a display: Dynamic range is the ratio between the maximum and minimum intensities emitted from the screen.

 

 

 

 

 

https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-tenebrism-art-definition/

 

https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-hard-light-photography/

 

 

https://www.flexclip.com/learn/cinematic-video.html

• Frame Your Shots to Create Depth
• Create Shallow Depth of Field
• Avoid Shaky Footage and Use Flexible Camera Movements
• Properly Use Slow Motion
• Use Cinematic Lighting Techniques
• Apply Color Grading
• Use Cinematic Music and SFX
• Add Cinematic Fonts and Text Effects
• Create the Cinematic Bar at the Top and the Bottom

z-fx.nl/ColorspACES.pdf

 

https://www.provideocoalition.com/color-management-part-12-introducing-aces/

 

Local copy:

 

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https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-a-cinematographer-definition

https://80.lv/articles/a-realistic-railway-station-made-with-camera-matching-ue5/

 

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/pbr-albedo-values-guide-lighting-artists-only-ron-haimov/

 

https://www.disneyanimation.com/resources/moana-island-scene/

 

This data set contains everything necessary to render a version of the Motunui island featured in the 2016 film Moana.

 

High CRI of ≥95

256 LEDs with 45° beam angle

3200 to 9500K variable color temperature

1 to 100% Stepless Dimming, 1500 Lux Brightness at 3.3′

LCD Info Screen. Powered by an L-series battery, D-Tap, or USB-C

Because the light has a variable color range of 3200 to 9500K, when the light is set to 5500K (daylight balanced) both sets of LEDs are on at full, providing the maximum brightness from this fixture when compared to using the light at 3200 or 9500K.

The LCD screen provides information on the fixture’s output as well as the charge state of the battery. The screen also indicates whether the adjustment knob is controlling brightness or color temperature. To switch from brightness to CCT or CCT to brightness, just apply a short press to the adjustment knob.

The included cold shoe ball joint adapter enables mounting the light to your camera’s accessory shoe via the 1/4″-20 threaded hole on the fixture. In addition, the bottom of the cold shoe foot features a 3/8″-16 threaded hole, and includes a 3/8″-16 to 1/4″-20 reducing bushing.

www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-a-light-diffuser-photography/

www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-soft-light/

 

https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/diy-light-diffuser/

 

 

 

 

 

www.linkedin.com/pulse/neutral-balance-grade-why-important-compositing-iman-javaherypour

www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-color-rendering-index

“The Color Rendering Index is a measurement of how faithfully a light source reveals the colors of whatever it illuminates, it describes the ability of a light source to reveal the color of an object, as compared to the color a natural light source would provide. The highest possible CRI is 100. A CRI of 100 generally refers to a perfect black body, like a tungsten light source or the sun. ”

www.pixelsham.com/2021/04/28/types-of-film-lights-and-their-efficiency

nofilmschool.com/types-of-film-lights

 

“Not every light performs the same way. Lights and lighting are tricky to handle. You have to plan for every circumstance. But the good news is, lighting can be adjusted. Let’s look at different factors that affect lighting in every scene you shoot. ”

Use CRI, Luminous Efficacy and color temperature controls to match your needs.

 

Color Temperature
Color temperature describes the “color” of white light by a light source radiated by a perfect black body at a given temperature measured in degrees Kelvin

 

http://www.pixelsham.com/2019/10/18/color-temperature/

 

CRI
“The Color Rendering Index is a measurement of how faithfully a light source reveals the colors of whatever it illuminates, it describes the ability of a light source to reveal the color of an object, as compared to the color a natural light source would provide. The highest possible CRI is 100. A CRI of 100 generally refers to a perfect black body, like a tungsten light source or the sun. ”

 

https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-color-rendering-index/

 

 

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_rendering_index

 

Light source	CCT (K)	CRI
Low-pressure sodium (LPS/SOX)	1800	−44
Clear mercury-vapor	6410	17
High-pressure sodium (HPS/SON)	2100	24
Coated mercury-vapor	3600	49
Halophosphate warm-white fluorescent	2940	51
Halophosphate cool-white fluorescent	4230	64
Tri-phosphor warm-white fluorescent	2940	73
Halophosphate cool-daylight fluorescent	6430	76
“White” SON	2700	82
Standard LED Lamp	2700–5000	83
Quartz metal halide	4200	85
Tri-phosphor cool-white fluorescent	4080	89
High-CRI LED lamp (blue LED)	2700–5000	95
Ceramic discharge metal-halide lamp	5400	96
Ultra-high-CRI LED lamp (violet LED)	2700–5000	99
Incandescent/halogen bulb	3200	100

 

Luminous Efficacy
Luminous efficacy is a measure of how well a light source produces visible light, watts out versus watts in, measured in lumens per watt. In other words it is a measurement that indicates the ability of a light source to emit visible light using a given amount of power. It is a ratio of the visible energy to the power that goes into the bulb.

 

FILM LIGHT TYPES

https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/video-lighting-kits/?utm_campaign=Weekly_Newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_source=sendgrid&utm_term=production-lighting&utm_content=production-lighting

 

 

 

Consumer light types

 

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Emission-spectra-of-different-light-sources-a-incandescent-tungsten-light-bulb-b_fig1_312320039

 

http://dev.informationdisplay.org/IDArchive/2015/NovemberDecember/FrontlineTechnologyCandleLikeEmission.aspx

 

 

Tungsten Lights
Light interiors and match domestic places or office locations. Daylight.

Advantages of Tungsten Lights
Almost perfect color rendition
Low cost
Does not use mercury like CFLs (fluorescent) or mercury vapor lights
Better color temperature than standard tungsten
Longer life than a conventional incandescent
Instant on to full brightness, no warm-up time, and it is dimmable

Disadvantages of Tungsten Lights
Extremely hot
High power requirement
The lamp is sensitive to oils and cannot be touched
The bulb is capable of blowing and sending hot glass shards outward. A screen or layer of glass on the outside of the lamp can protect users.

 

 

Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide lights
HMI’s are used when high output is required. They are also used to recreate sun shining through windows or to fake additional sun while shooting exteriors. HMIs can light huge areas at once.

Advantages of HMI lights
High light output
Higher efficiency
High color temperature

Disadvantages of HMI lights:
High cost
High power requirement
Dims only to about 50%
the color temperature increases with dimming
HMI bulbs will explode is dropped and release toxic chemicals

 

 

Fluorescent
Fluorescent film lighting is achieved by laying multiple tubes next to each other, combining as many as you want for the desired brightness. The good news is you can choose your bulbs to either be warm or cool depending on the scenario you’re shooting. You want to get these bulbs close to the subject because they’re not great at opening up spaces. Fluorescent lighting is used to light interiors and is more compact and cooler than tungsten or HMI lighting.

Advantages of Fluorescent lights
High efficiency
Low power requirement
Low cost
Long lamp life
Cool
Capable of soft even lighting over a large area
Lightweight

Disadvantages of Fluorescent lights
Flicker
High CRI
Domestic tubes have low CRI & poor color rendition.

 

 

LED
LED’s are more and more common on film sets. You can use batteries to power them. That makes them portable and sleek – no messy cabled needed. You can rig your own panels of LED lights to fit any space necessary as well. LED’s can also power Fresnel style lamp heads such as the Arri L-series.

Advantages of LED light
Soft, even lighting
Pure light without UV-artifacts
High efficiency
Low power consumption, can be battery powered
Excellent dimming by means of pulse width modulation control
Long lifespan
Environmentally friendly
Insensitive to shock
No risk of explosion

Disadvantages of LED light
High cost.
LED’s are currently still expensive for their total light output

http://www.madore.org/~david/misc/color/